Singaporean and Malaysian Words Enter Oxford English Dictionary in Latest Update

In a nod to the vibrant linguistic tapestry of Southeast Asia, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) has welcomed a host of words and phrases from Singapore and Malaysia in its March 2025 update. From the exclamation “alamak” to the beloved dish “nasi lemak,” these additions reflect the cultural and culinary influence of the region on the global stage. This latest inclusion not only celebrates the unique blend of languages in Singapore and Malaysia but also underscores the evolving nature of English as a living, breathing language.

A Linguistic Milestone for Southeast Asia

The OED, often regarded as the definitive record of the English language, has recognized several “untranslatable words” from Singapore and Malaysia in its recent update. Among the standout entries is “alamak,” a Malay colloquialism used to express surprise, shock, or dismay. According to the dictionary, its earliest recorded use dates back to 1952, showcasing its long-standing presence in regional vernacular.

Another notable addition is “tapau,” a term meaning to pack up food to take away, capturing a common practice in the region’s bustling food culture. The word “terror,” which can mean both “terrible” or “excellent” depending on context, also made the cut. Often paired with expressions like “wah” and “lah,” as in “Wah! So terror lah,” it highlights the playful and dynamic nature of Singaporean English.

Culinary Terms Take Center Stage

Beyond colloquial expressions, the update shines a spotlight on the rich culinary heritage of Singapore and Malaysia. Iconic dishes such as “nasi lemak,” a fragrant rice dish cooked in coconut milk and pandan leaf, and “kaya toast,” a popular breakfast staple of toasted bread spread with coconut jam, have been enshrined in the dictionary. Alongside them are “half-boiled egg,” often paired with kaya toast, and “ketupat,” a rice cake boiled in woven palm leaves, as well as “otak-otak,” a spiced seafood mix steamed or grilled in banana leaves.

Even dishes with Anglicized names, such as “fish head curry” and “steamboat,” have earned their place, reflecting the fusion of linguistic influences in the region’s food scene. These entries are more than mere words; they are a testament to the cultural significance of food in uniting communities across Singapore and Malaysia.

Not the First, Nor the Last

This is not the first time the OED has embraced Singaporean English. Back in 2016, the dictionary added 19 terms, including “blur” (meaning confused), “ang moh” (a colloquial term for a Westerner), and “shiok” (an expression of satisfaction or pleasure). Earlier, in 2015, “kiasu,” a term describing a fear of missing out often associated with competitive behavior, was highlighted as the OED’s Word of the Day on February 11.

The continued inclusion of such terms signals a growing recognition of how English evolves in different cultural contexts. Singapore, with its multicultural population and blend of Malay, Chinese, Tamil, and English influences, offers a unique lens through which the language adapts and thrives.

A Global Perspective

The March 2025 update is not limited to Southeast Asia. Words from other parts of the world, such as South Africa’s “Yoh!”—an exclamation of surprise or admiration—and the Filipino term “gigil,” which describes an overwhelming urge to pinch or squeeze something adorable, have also been added. These diverse entries highlight the OED’s commitment to capturing the global nuances of English, from emotional expressions to cultural practices.

Celebrating Cultural Identity

For many in Singapore and Malaysia, seeing everyday words like “alamak” and “nasi lemak” in the OED is a source of pride. It acknowledges the distinct identity of the region’s English, often referred to as Singlish, which blends formal grammar with local slang and syntax. While some may view Singlish as informal, its inclusion in a prestigious dictionary affirms its legitimacy as a mode of communication that resonates with millions.

As language continues to bridge cultural divides, the addition of these words invites a broader audience to appreciate the quirks and flavors of Southeast Asian life. Whether it’s exclaiming “alamak” at a surprising turn of events or savoring a plate of nasi lemak, these terms carry stories of heritage and community that are now etched into the annals of the English language.