Thailand’s Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra has underscored the importance of regional unity in addressing looming economic challenges, following a significant meeting with Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet. The talks, held during an official visit to Cambodia from April 23 to 24, 2025, focused on the contentious issue of U.S. tariffs and the potential for ASEAN-level collaboration to bolster collective bargaining power. As global trade tensions simmer, the discussions signal a strategic pivot toward deeper cooperation among Southeast Asian nations.
Building Bonds on a Historic Milestone
The visit coincided with the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Thailand and Cambodia, a milestone that provided a fitting backdrop for reinforcing bilateral ties. Paetongtarn expressed gratitude for the warm reception by the Cambodian government, highlighting a shared commitment to sustaining a robust partnership. The official welcoming ceremony at the Peace Palace in Phnom Penh set the stage for productive discussions, with both leaders emphasizing the need for solidarity in navigating international economic pressures. 
At the heart of the talks was the issue of U.S. tariffs, a concern that has rippled across ASEAN economies reliant on export markets. Paetongtarn noted the dynamic nature of the situation, stating, “In less than 30 days, we have already seen significant changes. It is clear that the U.S. is also observing global reactions closely, as this is a new and evolving issue.” Her remarks reflect a proactive stance, with Thailand actively preparing data and strategies to address potential trade disruptions.
ASEAN as a Unified Front
A key takeaway from the meeting was the mutual agreement on leveraging ASEAN’s collective strengths. Paetongtarn revealed that discussions with Hun Manet included plans for broader regional cooperation, tapping into the bloc’s rich resources and unique advantages. “ASEAN has rich resources and unique strengths, and we believe collaboration will enhance our bargaining power” she said. This vision of unity is not limited to Thailand and Cambodia; both leaders have consulted with other ASEAN counterparts to build consensus on a coordinated response.
The emphasis on a united ASEAN voice comes at a critical juncture. With global trade policies in flux, smaller economies risk being sidelined in negotiations dominated by larger powers. By aligning their strategies, Thailand and Cambodia aim to amplify their influence, seeking outcomes that benefit all parties involved. This “win-win” approach, as described by Paetongtarn, underscores a pragmatic yet optimistic outlook on resolving trade disputes.
Beyond tariffs, the leaders explored ways to deepen cooperation across multiple sectors. The signing of seven joint agreements during the visit marked tangible progress, covering areas such as environmental protection, transport, and cybercrime prevention. Ministries from both nations, including those of Transport, Interior, and Natural Resources and Environment, committed to collaborative efforts on pressing issues like PM2.5 pollution and no-burn agricultural practices. These agreements signal a holistic approach to bilateral relations, addressing both economic and societal challenges.
Economic Implications and Domestic Preparations
The specter of U.S. tariffs looms large over Thailand’s export-driven economy, which relies heavily on sectors like manufacturing and agriculture. While specific details of the tariff policies under discussion remain fluid, the potential for increased costs and market access barriers has prompted swift action. Paetongtarn emphasized that Thailand is engaging all sectors, including private businesses, to monitor developments and craft informed responses. This inclusive strategy aims to mitigate risks while positioning the country to adapt to changing global trade dynamics.
Cambodia, similarly, faces vulnerabilities due to its dependence on garment exports, a sector often targeted by international trade measures. Hun Manet’s alignment with Thailand on this issue reflects a shared recognition of the stakes involved. If unaddressed, tariff hikes could disrupt supply chains across the region, affecting millions of livelihoods. The joint commitment to ASEAN-level dialogue offers a potential buffer, though the effectiveness of such coordination remains to be tested in actual negotiations.
Analysts suggest that the Thailand-Cambodia partnership could serve as a model for broader ASEAN collaboration. By pooling resources and aligning policies, member states may better navigate the uncertainties of global trade. However, challenges persist, including differing national priorities and the need for consensus among diverse economies. If successful, this initiative could redefine ASEAN’s role on the world stage, transforming it from a regional forum into a formidable negotiating bloc.
Looking Beyond Trade: Infrastructure and Security
The visit yielded more than just economic promises; it also laid the groundwork for enhanced connectivity and security cooperation. Later in 2025, Paetongtarn and Hun Manet are set to co-chair the opening of the first Thailand-Cambodia Friendship Bridge, linking Ban Nong Ian in Thailand’s Sa Kaeo Province with Stung Bot in Cambodia’s Banteay Meanchey Province. This infrastructure project symbolizes the literal and figurative bridging of ties, facilitating trade and movement between the two nations.
An informal joint cabinet retreat at the Thai-Cambodian border is also planned, offering a platform to follow up on current discussions and explore new areas of cooperation. Such high-level engagements are crucial for maintaining momentum, especially on complex issues like cross-border cybercrime. With both countries pledging to share intelligence and coordinate responses, the agreements signed during the visit could pave the way for a safer digital landscape in the region.
Environmental collaboration emerged as another priority, with a focus on combating air pollution—a persistent problem in Southeast Asia. Joint efforts to promote sustainable agricultural practices and address PM2.5 haze demonstrate a shared commitment to public health and ecological stability. These initiatives, while less headline-grabbing than trade talks, are vital for long-term regional resilience.
Regional and Global Context
The Thailand-Cambodia dialogue must be viewed within the broader context of ASEAN’s evolving role in global affairs. As U.S.-China trade tensions continue to shape economic policies worldwide, Southeast Asian nations find themselves at a crossroads. Aligning with one major power risks alienating another, while remaining neutral requires deft diplomacy. The discussions on U.S. tariffs are thus a microcosm of larger geopolitical challenges, testing ASEAN’s ability to assert its interests independently.
Thailand, as one of ASEAN’s leading economies, bears significant responsibility in steering the bloc toward cohesive action. Paetongtarn’s proactive outreach to Cambodia and other member states signals an intent to lead by example. Yet, the path forward is fraught with uncertainty. If U.S. tariff policies harden, the region may face economic headwinds that even collective bargaining cannot fully offset. Conversely, a unified ASEAN stance could prompt more favorable terms, reinforcing the value of regional solidarity.
For Cambodia, the partnership with Thailand offers both economic and political benefits. Strengthening ties with a neighboring powerhouse enhances Phnom Penh’s standing within ASEAN, while joint projects like the Friendship Bridge boost domestic development. Hun Manet’s government, still navigating its own set of internal challenges, stands to gain from the stability and resources that deeper regional integration can provide.
A Path Forward Amid Uncertainty
As Thailand and Cambodia forge ahead with their shared agenda, the outcomes of their collaboration will likely resonate across ASEAN. The focus on unity in addressing U.S. tariffs reflects a broader ambition to redefine the region’s role in global trade. While immediate results remain uncertain, the commitment to dialogue and joint action sets a promising tone for future challenges.
The upcoming Friendship Bridge opening and joint cabinet retreat offer opportunities to build on this momentum, ensuring that bilateral ties translate into tangible benefits for citizens on both sides of the border. For now, as Paetongtarn and Hun Manet chart a course through turbulent economic waters, the question lingers: can ASEAN’s collective voice truly shift the balance in an increasingly complex global landscape?
